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A MAX PARRISH COLOUR BOOK
A FIERY FURNACE
UNDER THE SEA
is one of Nature’s many wonders: Under
the ground, too, many strange things
happen. In these pages you will find
why fountains of boiling water gush out
of the ground; how a gentle river be- ©
comes a raging torrent; what happens TY OF READING
nt of Typography
when the solid earth cracks and quakes; > Communication
how the fire under the earth builds an
island in the sea, and why a putt of & Marie
wind may start an avalanche crashing surath
down the mountainside. These things, otype
and many other wonders, are explained l s
ection
clearly and correctly in text, and pic-
tures in colour, which are easy to under-
stand. No doubt you have seen other
titles in this famous series; this is just as
interesting,
just as exciting.
Ee 2S55\No text on this page.
No text on this page.
Land and Water
ISOTYPE PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WOOD, ROZELAAR
THE WONDER WORLD OF
Land and Water
Marie Neurath
fe WES Gm = Remar Max Parrish London
LIST OF CONTENTS
A Fiery Furnace Under the Sea
onw
The Fiery Mountain Grows and Dies
Fountains of Boiling Water Gush Out of the Ground
How the Fire Under the Earth Builds an Island in the Sea
When the Solid Earth Cracks and Quakes 12
The Thin Crust in which the Fire Begins 14
The Shrinking, Wrinkling Skin of the Cooling Earth 16
The Great Upheavals which Made the High Mountains 18
High Hills and Deep Valleys Beneath the Sea 20
A Gentle Flow Becomes a Roaring Torrent
Rushing Waters Cut a Mile-Deep Canyon in the Solid
Rock
Tall Towers which Stand Alone
How a Puff of Wind May Start an Avalanche Crashing
Down the Mountainside 28
The Cave of Strange Pillars 30
The Huge, Slow-Moving Rivers of Ice 32
How Living Creatures Build New Land 34
Deep Down InsideA Fiery Furnace Under the Sea
Inside the earth on which we live, and inside the earth which is
under the sea, are red-hot rock and pressing gases. Sometimes
these are thrown out violently, through the mouth of a volcano.
orEach time a volcano bursts out, the liquid rolls down the sides
and cools into hard rock. Layers of ash and stone fall on top, and
the steam falls as rain. Slowly a cone-shaped mountain grows.
Can you count how many times this volcano has burst out?
6
The Fiery Mountain Grows and Dies
LETS
MEOcl
Inside a ‘dead’ volcano the long narrow shaft down the middle
is blocked with cold ashes and hardened rock. ‘Then rain may
form a lake in the wide mouth at the top. People can live on its
slopes, but a ‘dead’ volcano can suddenly burst into life again!
7Strange fountains may be found near volcanoes. Steam and
water burst out from a hole in the earth. Then the fountain
dies down, and the water flows back into the hot rocks underneath.
Gush Out of the Ground
Soon the water begins to boil again. Steam tries to press out, and
finally it throws out the column of water and rushes out itself.
Now it no longer presses, and the water can flow back.
How the Fire Under the Earth
When a volcano bursts into action under the sea, it can build
itself up rapidly until its top may rise above the waves. Then
red-hot rocks and ashes are thrown up and fall back in the sea.
10
Builds an Island in the Sea
RK
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| Such a volcano, when it is ‘dead’, makes an island in the sea,
and plants and animals and people can live on it. Sometimes,
we think, islands like this have disappeared under the sea again.
cgWhen the Solid Earth Cracks and Quakes
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Sometimes a sudden crack below the
surface of the earth shakes the layers
around it so violently that it causes an
earthquake. This may knock down
houses, or even destroy whole cities.
When this happens, cracks can appear
in roads and fields, and the shaking is
usually worst nearest to the . place
where the crack first started.
a23
The Thin Crust in which the Fire Begins
Where are the fiery furnaces underneath the earth?
‘They are somewhere in the thin crust which makes the
top covering—not very far down compared with the
great distance to the middle of the earth. Nobody is
yet quite sure what makes these pockets of red-hot rock
and pressing gases.
The Shrinking, Wrinkling °
of the Cooling Earth
When an apple gets old and
dry, it shrinks and the skin
wrinkles. Many millions of
years ago, the earth cooled
down and shrank, and wrink-
les formed on its surface. We
know them today as moun-
tains and hills and the high
parts of the ocean bed. The
wrinkling went on for a very
long time, and the sea filled
the hollows. Plants grew and
animals lived on the dry land.
Small creatures lived in the
sea, and when they died, their
shells and skeletons helped to
make, after millions of years,
solid chalk. Then the earth’s
surface wrinkled again, and the
chalk became dry land. So we
find hills of chalk, made from
shells and skeletons of creat-
ures who had lived in the sea.
16
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The Great
Upheavals
which Made the
High Mountains
Sometimes the wrinkling of
the earth took place with great
force, and huge wrinkles were
formed. We know these as the
mighty mountain ranges of the
earth. For millions of years
strong winds and ice and snow
broke up the rock, and rain
poured down on the moun-
tains, and rivers and streams
ran down their sides. Gradu-
ally some of the softer rock was
washed away. Now, instead of
great folds, we find sharp
peaks, steep cliffs and deep
valleys; the soft rock appears
in some places, in others the
hard rock beneath has been
laid bare.
18
19
High Hills and Deep Valleys Beneath the Sea
xe underwater world lies beneath the sea, but it
is really like the earth’s surface on dry land. Near the
land, the sea-bed slopes gently down. Then sometimes
it falls suddenly away. Steep canyons cut into the
slopes, and valleys into the sea-bed; mountains and
volcanoes rise above it.No text on this page.
A Gentle Flow Becomes a Roaring Torrent
Flowing water wears away sofi rock more quickly than harder
rock. Where a river flows from harder to softer ground, a step
will be formed. As water rushes over this step, it digs deeper into
the softer ground and undermines the jutting ledge of harder
rock. Now this has lost its support and breaks away in pieces,
and the water falls sharply from a greater and greater height.
22
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2|
_
What was a gentle flow, becomes a splashing, roaring waterfall.Rushing Waters Cut a Mile-Deep Canyon in
Sometimes, to dry Arizona, come sudden, very
heavy rains. Long ages ago they fell on a rolling
plain. The rushing waters cut channels in the
earth, sweeping the dry, loose soil and rock
before them. More rains fell, and cut the chan-
nels deeper, for thousands of years. Now, the
main channel is a mile deep, with sides of
coloured rock: The Grand Canyon. Far below,
the torrent races, cutting deeper and deeper.
24
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Tall Towers which Stand Alone
Today the Devil’s Pillar towers high above the ground; once it
was a ‘dead’ volcano. But rain and wind gradually swept down
the rocks and earth on its slopes to the foot of the cone. ‘Then
only the harder rock in the middle was left behind.
26
These tall pillars stand alonein a woodland valley. Many, many
years ago, hard boulders rested on the level ground, Gradually,
the rains washed away the earth around them, but left the earth
beneath them firm. Now these strange, tall pillars remain.
aa
ihHow a Puff of Wind May Start an Avalanche
Crashing Down the Mountainside
As snow falls on the high mountains, it piles up in thick layers.
Under its heavy pete ice forms, settling in the cracks of
the rocks and causing them to break and loosen. When warmer
weather comes, the ice melts and soon the mass of snow rests
only on slippery rock and loose stones. A puff
of wind can set it
crashing down the mountainside, uprooting trees and knocking
down fouies on its way.\_ Cave of ed oa
mann
Rainwater can dissolve some
kinds of rock. As it drips é
through the roof of caves in
such rocks, some of the water 6
dries up, and rock is left be- 4 é
hind. More water drips from
this, more rock is left behind,
until after many years, long
pillars of rock hang from the
roof. Some of the water which
has dripped to the floor also
dries up, leaving rock behind,
and as more and more drops
fall, pillars slowly build up-
wards. Some even join those
hanging from the roof.
30
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The Huge, Slow-Moving Rivers of Ice
Under the great weight of ice on high mountains, water forms,
and sometimes whole rivers of ice slip slowly down. They scrape
away the rocks beneath, and push boulders before them. In war-
mer times the ice melts, leaving lakes and a pile of loose rock.
32
In some cold places, the rivers of ice reach down to the sea. At
the cliff’s edge huge masses of ice may break off and float away.
These great icebergs are often carried far out into the ocean;
much more is below the surface than you can see above.
How Living Creatures Build New Land
Corals are tiny creatures living in warm, sunlit seas. In great
numbers they attach themselves to rocks and grow hard, tree-
like structures. When they die, these structures remain, but
more settle on them. Slowly, a colourful, rocky forest grows.
34
Coral reefs form along the coast where the water is shallow.
On this new land, plants grow. Below, more corals form.
Deep Down
Inside
The crust on the surface of the earth is only 20 miles thick,
and we know little of what lies beneath it. But about 4000 miles
down, in the middle, it may be solid.
36
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The Maz Parrish
Colour Books
Here is a complete list of the books
which are like this one. You can
buy them through any bookshop
anywhere in the world.
WONDERS OF THE MODERN WORLD
BUILDING BIG THINGS
WHAT’S NEW IN FLYING?
INSIDE THE ATOM
MACHINES WHICH SEEM TO THINK
SPEEDING INTO SPACE
A MESSAGE ROUND THE WORLD
LET’S LOOK AT THE SKY
FLYING THE ATLANTIC
iby Manfred Reiss)
ROCKETS AND JETS
FIRE!
RAILWAYS UNDER LONDON
I'LL SHOW YOU HOW IT HAPPENS
IF YOU COULD SEE INSIDE
THE WONDER WORLD OF NATURE
LAND AND WATER
TOO SMALL TO S$
STRANGE PLANTS
THE DEEP SEA
LONG AGO
THE SEASHORE
BIRDS
INSECTS
ANIMALS
THE HISTORY OF THE WORLD
HOW THE FIRST MEN LIVED
THE FIRST GREAT INVENTIONS
HOW THE WORLD WAS EXPLORED
by Marie Neurath
Boards 7s. net. Cloth 8/6 net 
Isotype Archive